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In Buddhism, an āgama (Sanskrit and Pāli for "sacred work"〔Monier-Williams (1899), p. 129, see "Āgama," retrieved 12 Dec 2008 from "U. Cologne" at http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/MWScan/MWScanpdf/mw0129-Akhara.pdf.〕 or "scripture"〔Rhys Davids & Stede (1921-25), p. 95, entry for "Āgama," retrieved 12 Dec 2008 from "U. Chicago" at http://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.0:1:2582.pali.〕) is a collection of Early Buddhist scriptures. The five āgamas together comprise the ''Suttapiṭaka'' of the early Buddhist schools, which had different recensions of each āgama. In the Pali Canon of the Theravada, the term ''nikāya'' is used in place of ''āgama''. Āgamas of various schools are preserved in Chinese translation, and portions also survive in Tibetan translation and in Sanskrit. ==Meaning== In Buddhism, the term ''āgama'' is used to refer to a collection of discourses (Sanskrit: ''sutra''; Pali: ''sutta'') of the early Buddhist schools, which were preserved primarily in Chinese translation, with substantial material also surviving in Sanskrit and lesser but still significant amounts surviving in Gāndhārī and in Tibetan translation. These sutras correspond to the first four ''Nikayas'' (and parts of the fifth) of the Sutta-Pitaka of the Pali Canon, which are also occasionally called agamas. In this sense, ''āgama'' is a synonym for one of the meanings of ''nikaya''. Sometimes the word ''āgama'' is used to refer not to a specific scripture, but to a class of scripture. In this case, its meaning can also encompass the ''Sutta-pitaka'', which the Theravada tradition holds to be the oldest and most historically accurate representation of the teachings of Gautama Buddha, together with the Vinaya-pitaka.〔The traditional Theravada view regarding the authenticity of the Pali Canon is contested by some modern scholars such as Brough (2001) whose own methodology involves triangulating the texts of the Pali Canon and the āgamas to make inferences about pre-sectarian texts.〕 In the 4th century Mahāyāna abhidharma work ''Abhidharmasamuccaya'', Asaṅga refers to the collection which contains the āgamas as the ''Śrāvakapiṭaka'', and associates it with the śrāvakas and pratyekabuddhas.〔Boin-Webb, Sara (tr). Rahula, Walpola (tr). Asanga. ''Abhidharma Samuccaya: The Compendium of Higher Teaching.'' 2001. pp. 199-200〕 Asaṅga classifies the Mahāyāna sūtras as belonging to the ''Bodhisattvapiṭaka'', which is designated as the collection of teachings for bodhisattvas.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Āgama (Buddhism)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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